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This article will focus on Thymalin and its involvement in extensive research. Studies suggest the thymus gland produces a polypeptide called Thymalin, which may have a role in immunological regulation [i]. According to research, natural polypeptide Thymalin is thought to be concentrated in the thymus gland’s newly formed epidermal cells. Thymalin concentrations decline with age, resulting in a less dense, more uneven protein distribution.
First, a moderate acid extraction procedure removed natural thymic peptides like Thymalin from the thymus gland. The immunomodulatory molecule Thymalin (L-Glu-L-Trp) was found and studied after extensive isolating. This Thymalin dipeptide molecule has been hypothesized to contribute to the peptide mechanism [ii].
Researchers have hypothesized that Thymalin, a polypeptide, may regulate thymic functions at optimal levels, while Thymulin, a zinc-dependent nonapeptide hormone, may enhance thymic functions in fighting T-cell suppression. Both Thymalin and Thymulin are naturally occurring thymic factors.
Thymalin Peptide Overview
The role of both natural and synthesized thymic peptides [iii] was investigated in research. The chemicals examined were natural polypeptide Thymalin, synthetic peptide Thymogen, and dipeptide Vilon.
The research results suggested all of the peptides in this thymic family seem to act by perhaps promoting thymic functions, such as T-cell differentiation, causing changes in the nucleotides and cytokine cells, and lymphocyte secretion. Thymalin, a naturally occurring peptide, was hypothesized to stimulate the antioxidant responses; its two synthesized equivalents, on the other hand, did not seem to affect these responses in any discernible way.
Thymalin Peptide Research and Clinical Investigations
Thymalin Peptide and Cancer Research
Adult female rats were chosen for this investigation [iv]. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of Thymalin on tumor growth and, ultimately, survival in the experimental animals. The rats were split into two groups, with 32 receiving saline and the other animals receiving Thymalin. Subjects were given the compounds five times a month for a full year. Over a year, researchers tracked the health and tumor progression of every rat in the study. The findings suggested the average longevity of the control group appeared to be 949 days, whereas that of the peptide group seemed to be 1048 days. In addition, peptide recipients allegedly saw a 1.5-fold lower tumor development rate than those in the control group.
Thymalin Peptide and Infection Research
Fifty female test subjects with HHV 1 and a group of control models were analyzed in this clinical trial [v]. For a total of two months, all of the subjects were exposed to the peptide. Subjects’ peripheral blood cell tissues were taken and analyzed before and after the research to track cytokine levels in response to peptide presentation. The research suggested that the cytokine levels appeared significantly greater in the HHV 1 group compared to the control group. Reports speculated that the HHV 1 group had higher CD4+ and CD8+ cytokine levels than the control group. After two months, there was no data of HHV 1 reactivation in the study group, as noted by researchers.
Thymalin Peptide and Geroprotection Research
Thymalin (thymic peptide) and Epithalamin (pineal peptide) were examined for their geroprotective effects in a 6- to 8-year-long research [vi] including 266 mature test subjects. The peptides were given to the models for the first two to three years and were closely observed afterward. Test subjects were split into multiple groups, some receiving Thymalin, others receiving Epithalamin, others receiving both peptides and a final group receiving both at varying concentrations. The test models received the peptides once a year for six years. Cardiovascular, neurological, and immune system functioning and possible improvements in metabolic and hemostasis rates were suggested to improve considerably under investigation with both peptides.
Further research is required to comprehensively understand the potential research applications of Thymalin. Peptides for sale are limited to research and educational institutions, sales are limited to verified professionals and the information presented in this article is intended solely for educational purposes. Note that human consumption and personal use or experimentation with these compounds is strictly prohibited.
References
[i] Khavinson VK, Linkova NS, Kvetnoy IM, Polyakova VO, Drobintseva AO, Kvetnaia TV, Ivko OM. Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2020 Nov;170(1):118-122. doi: 10.1007/s10517-020-05016-z. Epub 2020 Nov 25. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33237528/
[ii] Morozov VG, Khavinson VK. Natural and synthetic thymic peptides as therapeutics for immune dysfunction. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1997 Sep-Oct;19(9-10):501-5. doi: 10.1016/s0192-0561(97)00058-1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9637345/
[iii] V.G. Morozov, V.Kh. Khavinson, Natural and synthetic thymic peptides as therapeutics for immune dysfunction, International Journal of Immunopharmacology, Volume 19, Issues 9–10, 1997, Pages 501-505. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0192056197000581
[iv] Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Morozov VG. Immunomodulatory synthetic dipeptide L-Glu-L-Trp slows down aging and inhibits spontaneous carcinogenesis in rats. Biogerontology. 2000;1(1):55-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11707921/
[v] Hymos A, Grywalska E, Klatka J, Klatka M, Korona-Głowniak I, Roliński J. ThymicPeptides Reverse Immune Exhaustion in Patients with Reactivated Human Alphaherpesvirus1 Infections. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 30;21(7):2379. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32235584/
[vi] Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG. Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003 Jun-Aug;24(3-4):233-40. PMID: 14523363. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14523363/
